1.    What’s the difference between a great circle and a small circle?   (Be sure to explain what these two things are in your answer).

great circle is the same as the circumference of the earth, has the center of the earth as its center.   small circle is less than the circ. of the earth, and its center does NOT coincide with the center of the earth.
 
 
2. If your starting location is 35 ° N and 60 ° E, and you move 90 °S and 90 °W, what will your new location's coordinates be?
 
55 degrees S, 30 degrees W [note that there was a typo here on wednesday... - sorry!]

3. What are the coordinates of the antipode of Caribou Island, Ontario (47 ° N,  85 °W)?
 
  47 degrees S, 95 degrees E

4. Using the graph provided here, tell me what the insolation amount is at the top of the atmosphere above Athens (33 °N 83 °W) today.
 
  refer to lab book page 101 or text 48

5. What’s the name of the event that occurs on the longest day of the year in Athens?
 
 the longest day in Athens is in the summer, about June 21; the solstice, and since it's in summer it's the summer solstice!
 

6. If you're at 13 °N , and the sun's declination (from the analemma) is found to be 12 °N, what will the position of the sun be at solar noon?
 
 89 degrees in the southern sky (southern because YOU are at 13 N, and the SUN is at 12 N...

7. What’s the name of the event that occurs on the day when all days are of equal length everywhere on earth?

equinox - on both of these days (spring and summer), the subsolar point is over the equator and all points on earth (except technically the exact N and S poles) have exactly 12 hours of sunlight and 12 hours of night.